The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club has long captured the imagination of the public, with its storied past and notorious connections to organized crime. This enigmatic club, which once served as the headquarters for the infamous Gambino crime family, holds a fascinating place in the annals of American history. Nestled in the bustling borough of Queens, New York, the club was more than just a social gathering spot for its members; it was a symbol of power, influence, and the darker side of American culture. The club's roots can be traced back to the early 20th century, when it began as a modest meeting place for local hunters and fishermen. However, as time went on, the club evolved into a hub for illicit activities, drawing the attention of both law enforcement and the media. Its walls have witnessed countless clandestine meetings, and its members have included some of the most infamous figures in organized crime.
Throughout its existence, the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club has been the subject of intense scrutiny and speculation. The club's history is a tapestry of intrigue, woven with tales of loyalty, betrayal, and the relentless pursuit of power. As we delve deeper into the club's past, we uncover the stories of the individuals who frequented its halls, the events that unfolded within its confines, and the enduring legacy it has left behind. Understanding the club's historical context and its impact on American society provides valuable insights into the complex world of organized crime and its influence on the nation's cultural landscape.
In this comprehensive article, we will explore the various facets of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club, from its humble beginnings to its rise as a notorious crime hub. We will examine the lives of the key figures associated with the club, the events that shaped its history, and the societal factors that contributed to its notoriety. Through a detailed analysis, we aim to provide a nuanced understanding of the club's role in the broader narrative of organized crime in America, while also shedding light on the human stories behind the headlines.
Table of Contents
- Biography of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club
- Early History and Origins
- Rise to Notoriety
- Key Figures and Members
- Notable Events and Incidents
- Law Enforcement and Legal Challenges
- Cultural Impact and Legacy
- The Club in Popular Culture
- Decline and Closure
- The Club Today
- Lessons from the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club
- Modern Organized Crime and the Club's Legacy
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Conclusion
Biography of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club
The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club is not your average social club. Founded in the early 20th century, it was initially established as a gathering place for local hunters and fishermen in the borough of Queens, New York. Over time, the club evolved into a notorious hub for organized crime activities, particularly under the leadership of the Gambino crime family. Its notoriety grew in the latter half of the 20th century when it became synonymous with the illegal dealings and power struggles of the Mafia.
The club's location in Ozone Park, Queens, served as an ideal backdrop for its operations. The neighborhood, known for its working-class roots and close-knit community, provided a veil of normalcy for the illicit activities that took place within the club's walls. Despite its criminal associations, the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club maintained a facade of respectability, attracting a mix of legitimate businessmen, politicians, and law enforcement officials, all of whom frequented the club for various reasons.
As the club's reputation grew, so did its influence. It became a symbol of power and control, drawing the attention of law enforcement agencies and the media. The club's members were often the subject of extensive surveillance and investigation, leading to numerous legal challenges and high-profile arrests. Despite these setbacks, the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club remained a formidable force in the world of organized crime, leaving an indelible mark on the history of the American underworld.
| Detail | Information |
|---|---|
| Founded | Early 20th century |
| Location | Ozone Park, Queens, New York |
| Notable Associations | Gambino crime family |
| Status | Defunct |
| Significance | Hub for organized crime activities |
Early History and Origins
The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club was established at a time when social clubs were a staple of American culture. In the early 1900s, such clubs served as important community centers where people with shared interests could gather, socialize, and engage in recreational activities. The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club was no exception, originally catering to the interests of hunters and fishermen in the Queens area. Its members were primarily working-class individuals who sought camaraderie and a sense of belonging.
As the club grew in popularity, it began to attract a more diverse membership, including individuals with connections to organized crime. This shift in membership marked the beginning of a new era for the club, as it gradually became a focal point for criminal enterprises. The club's transformation was driven by a combination of factors, including the rise of organized crime in America and the strategic location of Queens as a hub for illegal activities.
The Prohibition era, which spanned from 1920 to 1933, played a significant role in the club's evolution. During this time, illegal activities such as bootlegging and gambling flourished, and the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club became a haven for those involved in these enterprises. The club's members capitalized on the opportunities presented by Prohibition, using the club as a base for their operations and expanding their influence within the criminal underworld.
As the club's reputation grew, it attracted the attention of law enforcement agencies, who began to monitor its activities closely. Despite the increased scrutiny, the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club continued to thrive, cementing its status as a key player in the world of organized crime. Its early history and origins set the stage for the events that would unfold in the years to come, shaping the club's legacy as a symbol of power and intrigue.
Rise to Notoriety
The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club's rise to notoriety can be traced back to the post-World War II era, a time when organized crime was becoming increasingly entrenched in American society. During this period, the club's association with the Gambino crime family began to solidify, as key figures within the family used the club as a base for their operations. Under the leadership of figures like Carlo Gambino and later John Gotti, the club became a symbol of the Mafia's power and influence.
The club's notoriety was further fueled by a series of high-profile events and incidents that captured the public's attention. One of the most significant events in the club's history was the rise of John Gotti, who would eventually become one of the most notorious crime bosses in American history. Gotti's ascent to power was marked by a series of bold moves, including the assassination of his predecessor, Paul Castellano, which was orchestrated from the confines of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club.
Gotti's leadership style was characterized by a brazen disregard for authority and a willingness to flaunt his criminal activities openly. His frequent appearances at the club, coupled with his flamboyant personality, made him a media sensation and elevated the club's status as a symbol of organized crime. The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club became synonymous with the so-called "Teflon Don," as Gotti managed to evade conviction in several high-profile trials, much to the frustration of law enforcement agencies.
The club's rise to notoriety was not without consequences. Its increased visibility made it a prime target for law enforcement efforts, leading to extensive surveillance and numerous investigations. Despite these challenges, the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club continued to operate, maintaining its position as a key player in the criminal underworld until its eventual decline.
Key Figures and Members
The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club's history is closely intertwined with the lives of several key figures and members who played pivotal roles in its operations. These individuals, many of whom were associated with the Gambino crime family, contributed to the club's reputation as a hub for organized crime activities.
Carlo Gambino: As the namesake of the Gambino crime family, Carlo Gambino was one of the most influential figures in the club's history. Under his leadership, the family rose to prominence, and the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club became a central location for the family's activities. Gambino's strategic acumen and ability to maintain a low profile allowed him to consolidate power and expand the family's influence.
John Gotti: Known as the "Teflon Don" due to his ability to avoid conviction, John Gotti's association with the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club is perhaps the most well-known aspect of its history. Gotti's charismatic personality and audacious criminal activities made him a media sensation, and his frequent presence at the club solidified its status as a symbol of Mafia power. Gotti's rise to power was marked by ruthless tactics, including the assassination of his predecessor, Paul Castellano, which was orchestrated from the club.
Angelo Ruggiero: A close associate of John Gotti, Angelo Ruggiero played a significant role in the operations of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club. Known for his loyalty to Gotti, Ruggiero was involved in various criminal enterprises, including drug trafficking and extortion. His actions often brought unwanted attention to the club, leading to increased scrutiny from law enforcement agencies.
Salvatore "Sammy the Bull" Gravano: As one of the highest-ranking members of the Gambino crime family, Sammy Gravano's involvement with the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club was instrumental in the family's operations. Gravano's eventual decision to become a government informant marked a turning point in the club's history, leading to the downfall of several key figures, including John Gotti.
These individuals, along with many others, contributed to the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club's storied legacy. Their actions, both within and outside the club, shaped the narrative of organized crime in America and left an indelible mark on the nation's history.
Notable Events and Incidents
The history of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club is marked by a series of notable events and incidents that contributed to its notoriety and enduring legacy. These events, often characterized by violence, intrigue, and high-stakes power struggles, captured the public's imagination and solidified the club's status as a symbol of organized crime.
One of the most significant events in the club's history was the assassination of Paul Castellano, the then-boss of the Gambino crime family. Orchestrated by John Gotti and his associates, the hit took place outside Sparks Steak House in Manhattan and was planned from the confines of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club. Castellano's murder marked a turning point in the club's history, as it paved the way for Gotti's rise to power and ushered in a new era of leadership within the family.
Another notable incident was the series of trials faced by John Gotti, which garnered significant media attention and further cemented the club's reputation as a hub for criminal activities. Despite being charged with a litany of crimes, including racketeering, murder, and extortion, Gotti managed to evade conviction in several high-profile cases, earning him the nickname "Teflon Don." These trials highlighted the challenges faced by law enforcement in bringing organized crime figures to justice and underscored the club's influence and reach.
The eventual downfall of John Gotti and his associates was precipitated by the actions of Sammy Gravano, a high-ranking member of the Gambino crime family who chose to cooperate with the government. Gravano's testimony provided crucial evidence that led to Gotti's conviction and imprisonment, effectively dismantling the power structure that had been centered around the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club. This dramatic turn of events marked the beginning of the club's decline and signaled a shift in the landscape of organized crime in America.
Throughout its history, the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club was the backdrop for numerous other incidents, ranging from violent confrontations to covert meetings and strategic alliances. These events, while often shrouded in secrecy, played a critical role in shaping the club's legacy and contributed to its enduring mystique as a symbol of the darker side of American culture.
Law Enforcement and Legal Challenges
The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club's association with organized crime inevitably drew the attention of law enforcement agencies, leading to a series of legal challenges and investigations aimed at dismantling the criminal enterprises that operated within its walls. These efforts, often characterized by extensive surveillance, undercover operations, and high-profile trials, played a crucial role in shaping the club's history and eventual decline.
One of the primary challenges faced by law enforcement in their efforts to combat the activities of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club was the pervasive culture of secrecy and loyalty that characterized the world of organized crime. Members of the club, many of whom were deeply entrenched in the operations of the Gambino crime family, were often reluctant to cooperate with authorities, making it difficult to gather the evidence needed for successful prosecutions.
Despite these obstacles, law enforcement agencies remained committed to their efforts, employing a range of tactics to infiltrate the club and gather intelligence on its activities. Undercover operations, wiretaps, and informants were all utilized in an attempt to expose the criminal enterprises operating within the club's confines. These efforts were often met with resistance, as club members employed counter-surveillance measures and other tactics to evade detection and protect their operations.
The legal challenges faced by the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club culminated in a series of high-profile trials, most notably those involving John Gotti and his associates. These trials, which garnered significant media attention, highlighted the difficulties faced by law enforcement in bringing organized crime figures to justice. Despite initial setbacks, including several acquittals and mistrials, the persistence of law enforcement agencies ultimately led to the conviction and imprisonment of Gotti and several key members of his organization.
The successful prosecution of Gotti and his associates marked a significant victory for law enforcement and dealt a severe blow to the operations of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club. However, the club's legacy as a symbol of organized crime continued to endure, serving as a reminder of the ongoing challenges faced by authorities in their efforts to combat the influence of criminal enterprises in American society.
Cultural Impact and Legacy
The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club's cultural impact and legacy extend far beyond its association with organized crime. As a symbol of power, influence, and intrigue, the club has captured the public's imagination and left an indelible mark on the cultural landscape of America. Its story is a testament to the complex interplay between crime, society, and media, and serves as a lens through which we can better understand the broader narrative of organized crime in the United States.
One of the key aspects of the club's cultural impact is its role in shaping public perceptions of organized crime. The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club's association with figures like John Gotti, who became a media sensation, contributed to the glamorization of the Mafia and its activities. This portrayal, often characterized by a mix of fascination and fear, has influenced popular culture and informed the way in which organized crime is depicted in films, television shows, and literature.
The club's legacy is also evident in the broader societal implications of its activities. The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club's operations, which often involved corruption, bribery, and violence, highlighted the pervasive influence of organized crime in various aspects of American life. This influence extended to politics, law enforcement, and business, underscoring the challenges faced by society in combating the reach of criminal enterprises.
Despite its eventual decline, the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club's legacy continues to resonate in contemporary discussions about crime, justice, and the American Dream. Its story serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of unchecked power and the allure of the criminal underworld. At the same time, it offers valuable insights into the resilience and adaptability of organized crime, as well as the ongoing efforts of law enforcement to combat its influence.
Ultimately, the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club's cultural impact and legacy are a reflection of the complex and often contradictory nature of American society. Its story, marked by a blend of ambition, loyalty, and betrayal, continues to captivate audiences and serves as a reminder of the enduring allure of the darker side of human nature.
The Club in Popular Culture
The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club's association with organized crime and its notoriety have made it a recurring theme in popular culture. Its story has been depicted in various forms of media, including films, television shows, and literature, each offering a unique perspective on the club's history and its impact on American society.
One of the most notable portrayals of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club in popular culture is its depiction in the film "Gotti," which chronicles the rise and fall of John Gotti and his association with the club. The film, starring John Travolta as Gotti, explores the complex dynamics of the club and its role in the operations of the Gambino crime family. Through its portrayal of Gotti's flamboyant personality and criminal activities, the film highlights the club's significance as a symbol of Mafia power and influence.
The club has also been featured in various television shows, often serving as a backdrop for stories about organized crime and the Mafia. Shows like "The Sopranos" and "Boardwalk Empire" have drawn inspiration from the club's history, incorporating elements of its story into their narratives. These portrayals offer a glimpse into the inner workings of the criminal underworld and explore the themes of loyalty, betrayal, and the pursuit of power.
In literature, the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club has been the subject of numerous books and articles, each offering a different perspective on its history and legacy. These works often delve into the club's association with figures like John Gotti and Carlo Gambino, providing insights into the personalities and events that shaped its story. Through detailed research and analysis, these literary works contribute to our understanding of the club's role in the broader narrative of organized crime in America.
The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club's presence in popular culture serves as a testament to its enduring legacy and the fascination it continues to evoke. Its story, marked by drama, intrigue, and larger-than-life characters, offers a compelling lens through which to explore the complex interplay between crime, society, and media.
Decline and Closure
The decline and closure of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club marked the end of an era in the history of organized crime in America. Once a symbol of power and influence, the club's fortunes began to wane in the face of increased law enforcement scrutiny, internal power struggles, and shifting societal attitudes towards organized crime.
The downfall of the club can be traced back to the conviction and imprisonment of John Gotti, whose leadership had been instrumental in maintaining the club's status as a hub for criminal activities. Gotti's arrest and subsequent conviction dealt a severe blow to the operations of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club, as it disrupted the power structure that had been centered around his leadership. The loss of Gotti's influence, coupled with the testimony of Sammy Gravano, a key member of the Gambino crime family who turned government informant, further weakened the club's position.
As law enforcement agencies intensified their efforts to combat organized crime, the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club faced mounting legal challenges and increased scrutiny. The club's activities, which had long been shrouded in secrecy, were exposed to public view, leading to a loss of credibility and support among its members. The once-thriving social hub gradually lost its allure, as members distanced themselves from the club and its associations with criminal enterprises.
The closure of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club was ultimately a reflection of broader societal changes and the evolving nature of organized crime in America. As law enforcement agencies implemented more effective strategies to combat criminal enterprises, the traditional structures and operations of organizations like the Gambino crime family began to erode. The club's decline was indicative of a larger shift in the landscape of organized crime, as new challenges and opportunities emerged in the digital age.
Despite its closure, the legacy of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club endures, serving as a reminder of the complex interplay between crime, power, and society. Its story, marked by ambition, loyalty, and intrigue, continues to captivate audiences and provides valuable insights into the history and evolution of organized crime in America.
The Club Today
Today, the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club stands as a relic of a bygone era, its once-vibrant halls now silent and its storied past a distant memory. The club, which played a pivotal role in the history of organized crime in America, has become a symbol of both the allure and the dangers of the criminal underworld.
The building that once housed the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club remains in Ozone Park, Queens, serving as a tangible reminder of its infamous past. While the club itself is no longer operational, its legacy continues to evoke fascination and intrigue, drawing the attention of history enthusiasts and those interested in the world of organized crime. The site has become a point of interest for tours and documentaries, offering a glimpse into the history of the club and its association with figures like John Gotti and the Gambino crime family.
In recent years, there have been discussions about the potential redevelopment of the site, with proposals ranging from preservation efforts to new commercial ventures. These discussions reflect the ongoing interest in the club's history and the desire to preserve its legacy for future generations. However, the challenges of balancing historical preservation with modern development needs continue to shape the conversation about the club's future.
Despite its closure, the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club's story continues to resonate in contemporary discussions about crime, justice, and the American Dream. Its legacy serves as a cautionary tale about the allure of power and the consequences of criminal enterprises, offering valuable lessons for society as it navigates the complexities of the modern world.
As we reflect on the club's history and its impact on American culture, it is important to recognize the broader societal factors that contributed to its rise and fall. The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club is more than just a symbol of organized crime; it is a lens through which we can better understand the intricate dynamics of power, influence, and human nature.
Lessons from the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club
The story of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club offers a wealth of lessons and insights that are relevant to contemporary society. As we examine the club's history and its association with organized crime, we can draw valuable conclusions about the nature of power, the challenges of combating criminal enterprises, and the importance of ethical leadership.
One of the key lessons from the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club is the danger of unchecked power and the allure of the criminal underworld. The club's association with figures like John Gotti and the Gambino crime family highlights the seductive nature of power and the lengths to which individuals will go to secure and maintain it. This lesson serves as a cautionary tale for society, emphasizing the need for vigilance and accountability in the face of corruption and unethical behavior.
The club's history also underscores the challenges faced by law enforcement in their efforts to combat organized crime. The complex web of secrecy, loyalty, and violence that characterized the club's operations made it difficult for authorities to gather the evidence needed for successful prosecutions. This lesson highlights the importance of innovative strategies and collaboration among law enforcement agencies in their efforts to dismantle criminal enterprises and protect society.
Another important lesson from the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club is the impact of societal attitudes and media portrayals on the perception of organized crime. The glamorization of the Mafia and its activities in popular culture has influenced public perceptions and informed the way in which organized crime is depicted in media. This lesson underscores the need for responsible storytelling and the importance of presenting a balanced and nuanced view of crime and justice.
Finally, the legacy of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club serves as a reminder of the resilience and adaptability of organized crime. Despite the efforts of law enforcement to dismantle traditional criminal structures, new challenges and opportunities continue to emerge in the digital age. This lesson highlights the need for ongoing vigilance and adaptation in the face of evolving threats to society.
As we reflect on the lessons from the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club, it is important to recognize the broader societal factors that contributed to its rise and fall. By understanding the complex dynamics of power, influence, and human nature, we can better navigate the challenges of the modern world and work towards a more just and equitable society.
Modern Organized Crime and the Club's Legacy
The legacy of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club continues to resonate in the context of modern organized crime. While the club itself is no longer operational, its history and association with figures like John Gotti and the Gambino crime family offer valuable insights into the evolving nature of criminal enterprises and the challenges faced by society in combating their influence.
In the digital age, organized crime has undergone significant transformations, with traditional structures and operations giving way to more sophisticated and decentralized networks. The rise of the internet and advancements in technology have created new opportunities for criminal enterprises, allowing them to expand their reach and diversify their activities. This shift has posed new challenges for law enforcement agencies, who must adapt their strategies to address the evolving threat landscape.
Despite these changes, the lessons from the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club remain relevant. The club's history serves as a reminder of the resilience and adaptability of organized crime, as well as the importance of vigilance and innovation in combating its influence. By understanding the complex dynamics of power and influence that characterized the club's operations, we can better equip ourselves to address the challenges of modern organized crime.
The club's legacy also underscores the importance of ethical leadership and accountability in the face of corruption and unethical behavior. As society grapples with the complexities of the modern world, it is essential to uphold the principles of justice and integrity in all aspects of life. The story of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club serves as a cautionary tale, highlighting the dangers of unchecked power and the consequences of criminal enterprises.
As we reflect on the legacy of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club, it is important to recognize the broader societal factors that contributed to its rise and fall. By examining the interplay between crime, society, and media, we can gain valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. The lessons from the club's history offer a roadmap for navigating the complexities of the modern world and working towards a more just and equitable society.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What was the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club?
- Who were some of the key figures associated with the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club?
- Why did the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club gain notoriety?
- What impact did the club have on popular culture?
- What led to the decline and closure of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club?
- What lessons can be learned from the history of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club?
The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club was a social club located in Ozone Park, Queens, New York. It gained notoriety as a hub for organized crime activities, particularly under the leadership of the Gambino crime family.
Key figures associated with the club include Carlo Gambino, John Gotti, Angelo Ruggiero, and Salvatore "Sammy the Bull" Gravano. These individuals played significant roles in the club's operations and its association with organized crime.
The club gained notoriety due to its association with the Gambino crime family and its involvement in various criminal activities, including racketeering, murder, and extortion. High-profile events, such as the assassination of Paul Castellano and the trials of John Gotti, further contributed to its notoriety.
The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club has been depicted in various forms of media, including films, television shows, and literature. Its association with organized crime and figures like John Gotti has influenced popular culture and informed the portrayal of the Mafia in media.
The decline and closure of the club were due to a combination of factors, including increased law enforcement scrutiny, internal power struggles, and shifting societal attitudes towards organized crime. The conviction of John Gotti and the testimony of Sammy Gravano played significant roles in the club's decline.
The history of the club offers valuable lessons about the dangers of unchecked power, the challenges of combating organized crime, and the importance of ethical leadership. It serves as a cautionary tale about the allure of the criminal underworld and the consequences of criminal enterprises.
Conclusion
The story of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club is a compelling narrative of power, intrigue, and the complex dynamics of organized crime. From its humble beginnings as a social club for hunters and fishermen to its rise as a notorious hub for criminal activities, the club's history offers valuable insights into the darker side of American culture. Through the lives of its key figures, the events that unfolded within its walls, and the societal factors that contributed to its notoriety, the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club remains a symbol of both the allure and the dangers of the criminal underworld.
As we reflect on the legacy of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club, it is important to recognize the broader societal implications of its story. The club's association with figures like John Gotti and the Gambino crime family underscores the challenges faced by society in combating organized crime and the pervasive influence it wields. At the same time, the club's history serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of unchecked power and the importance of ethical leadership in all aspects of life.
Ultimately, the lessons from the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club offer a valuable roadmap for navigating the complexities of the modern world. By understanding the intricate dynamics of power, influence, and human nature, we can better equip ourselves to address the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. The club's legacy, marked by ambition, loyalty, and intrigue, continues to captivate audiences and serves as a reminder of the enduring allure of the darker side of human nature.
The Remarkable Journey Of Dean S. Jagger: A Retrospective On A Hollywood Legend
Nick Williams Colorado: A Journey Of Triumph And Inspiration
The Inspiring Journey Of Lynn Stacy In Fort Worth: A Tale Of Resilience And Success
The Bergin Hunt and Fish Club
Bergin Hunt and Fish Club Digital Art by Bergin Hunt and Fish Club
Bergin Hunt And Fish Club New York halvedtapes
